A lipoma is a non-cancerous slow-growing lump made up of fat cells and is one of the most common benign growths in the skin. People of any age can develop them, but often becomes most apparent between the ages of 40-60. Lipomas are located deep under the surface of the skin and is soft to the touch, moving easily when prodded with a finger, and typically causes no discomfort. Some people may have a single lipoma, and some may find several over their body.
Lipoma Types
While most lipomas share common characteristics, there are several distinct types based on their composition and location within the body.
- Superficial Subcutaneous Lipoma: Found just beneath the skin, usually on the arms, shoulders, back, or thighs
- Angiolipoma: Contains both fat cells and an increased number of blood vessels
- Intramuscular Lipoma: Develops within the muscle tissue, making it firmer and less mobile
- Spindle Cell Lipoma: A slow-growing lipoma that commonly appears on the neck, shoulders, or back in middle-aged men
- Pleomorphic Lipoma: Contain a mix of fat and irregularly shaped cells; most often found on the upper body.
- Hibernoma: A rare type of lipoma composed of brown fat cells, typically found in infants
- Neural Fibrolipoma: Grows around nerves, potentially causing pain, numbness, or tingling
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of lipomas is unknown, but they tend to run in families, suggesting a genetic component. Other factors that may increase the likelihood of developing a lipoma include:
- Age: Lipomas are most commonly diagnosed in adults, though they can develop at any age.
- Genetics: Individuals with a family history of lipomas are more prone to developing them.
- Injuries or Trauma: Though the exact cause is unclear, lipomas can form where trauma has occurred.
- Medical Conditions: Certain rare conditions can lead to multiple painful lipomas forming throughout the body.
While painful lipomas do not cause any health concerns, they can be vexing, especially in a very visible area of the body. Removal involves a simple in-office excision.
When to Seek Treatment
While lipomas are not harmful, some individuals choose to have them removed if they become large or continue growing, cause pain or discomfort, or press against nerves or blood vessels, leading to numbness or difficulty moving the affected area. Additionally, when giant lipomas appear in highly visible areas, such as the face or neck, it is often removed for cosmetic reasons. If there is uncertainty about whether the lump is a lipoma or another type of growth, such as a cyst or fatty tumor, a medical evaluation is recommended to determine the best course of action. Symptoms of lipoma lumps include:
- Soft and doughy to the touch
- Movable
- Painless
- Slow-growing
Lipoma Removal and Treatment Options
The dermatologist will numb the area with a local anesthetic to ensure the patient feels no pain during the removal. Once the area is fully anesthetized, a small incision is made over the lipoma, exposing the fatty tissue beneath the skin. Using precise surgical techniques, the dermatologist will carefully extract the lipoma, whether conventional lipoma or another form, removing all fat tissue and benign tumors to minimize the chance of recurrence. After removal, the incision is sutured closed, and a sterile dressing may be applied to protect the fibrous tissue during the initial healing phase.
Recovery After Lipoma Removal
Recovery is typically quick and uncomplicated, with most patients able to resume normal activities within a day or two. Patients should avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities for a few days to prevent strain on the sutures. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage mild pain or swelling if discomfort occurs. Additionally, it is essential to monitor the incision site for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or drainage.
Can Lipomas Return After Removal?
Once a lipoma is surgically removed, it usually does not return. However, people prone to lipomas may develop new ones in other areas over time. Discussing potential underlying causes with a doctor may be worthwhile if multiple lipomas appear.
